Textile-based prosthesis for treatment of inguinal hernia

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a prosthesis ( 1 ) for the repair of an inguinal hernia comprising:
         a textile ( 2 ) of elongate shape,   a resilient frame ( 3 ) connected to said textile,   characterized in that said frame comprises a convex cranial segment ( 3   c ), a caudal segment ( 3   d ), a lateral corner segment ( 3   b ) joining together the convex cranial segment and the caudal segment, and a folding segment ( 5 ) joining a medial end of said convex cranial segment to a point located on the caudal segment while leaving the region of the medial end of the textile free of any frame,   said frame being able to adopt an unstressed configuration, in which said textile is deployed, and a stressed configuration, in which said convex cranial segment, said caudal segment and said folding segment are substantially collected together and aligned on one folding direction, said textile forming thereby at least one fold along said folding direction.

The present invention relates to a prosthesis comprising a biocompatibletextile and a reinforcing element of said textile, the prosthesis beingintended to be used for repair of inguinal hernias.

In this application, the “medial” end or part of an element of aprosthesis is to be understood as meaning the end or part of the elementlocated in the direction of the median plane of the body when theprosthesis is implanted in the body. The “lateral” end or part of anelement of a prosthesis is to be understood as meaning the end or partof the element located in the direction of the outwards lateral plane ofthe body when the prosthesis is implanted in the body. Likewise, in thisapplication, the “medial direction” is to be understood as meaning thedirection towards said median plane and the “lateral direction” isopposite the “medial direction”, the medial and lateral directions beingaligned on the same axis, the medial-lateral axis. In this application,the “cranial” end or part of an element of a prosthesis is to beunderstood as meaning the end or part of the element locatedsubstantially in the direction of the head of the body when theprosthesis is implanted in the body. The “caudal” end or part of anelement of a prosthesis is to be understood as meaning the end or partof the element located in the direction of the feet of the body when theprosthesis is implanted in the body. Likewise, in this application, the“cranial direction” is to be understood as meaning the direction towardssaid head and the “caudal direction” is opposite the “cranialdirection”, the cranial and caudal directions being aligned on the sameaxis, the cranial-caudal axis.

The abdominal wall in humans is composed of fat and musclesinterconnected by fascias. It sometimes happens that a break incontinuity occurs in the fascias, allowing part of the peritoneum toslip through and form a sac, or a hernia, containing either fat or partof the intestines. Hernias or incisional hernias (a hernia occurringthrough a parietal surgical scar) show themselves in the form of a bulgeat the surface of the skin and are classed, for example, as umbilical oringuinal hernias, depending on where they are located.

Wall reinforcement prostheses, for example for the abdominal wall, arewidely used in surgery. These prostheses are intended to treat herniasby temporarily or permanently filling a tissue defect. These prosthesesare generally made from a biocompatible prosthetic textile and can havea number of shapes, for example rectangular, circular or oval, dependingon the anatomical structure to which they are to adapt.

When an inguinal hernia is to be treated, it is of particular importanceto take into account the anatomy of the inguinal region, in particularthe presence of the iliac vessels. In addition, when the patient is aman, the spermatic cord needs to be taken into account while positioningthe prosthesis. The shape of a prosthesis intended to be used fortreating an inguinal hernia will be dependent on the side (right orleft) of the body that is to be treated. In this view, the shape of aprosthesis for treating an inguinal hernia may be defined in relationwith the position of the prosthesis once implanted in the body of apatient. For example, in an implanted configuration, a prosthesis fortreating an inguinal hernia comprises a medial part, a lateral part, acaudal part, and a cranial part as defined above. A prosthesis intendedto be used in the treatment of an inguinal hernia will generally have anelongate shape with a longitudinal axis substantially aligned on themedial-lateral axis of the body.

When repair of a hernia in the inguinal region is performed bypre-peritoneal placement of a prosthesis within an open surgicalprocedure, for example according to a transinguinal preperitoneal (TIPP)procedure, it is important to be able to locate, and to cover with theprosthesis, certain anatomical elements of the anterior wall of theabdomen, which elements may be described as follows, from the insideoutwards, that is to say towards the outside of the body, and for theright-hand side of the body with reference to FIG. 1:

-   -   to the inside, the anterior retro-parietal space is limited        towards the front by the rectus abdominis muscles 16, towards        the rear by the peritoneum (not shown), and underneath by the        upper margin of the as pubis 17;    -   the middle part is limited towards the front by the fascia        transversalis (not shown), and the conjoint tendon, with the        iliac vessels 11 below, and with the transverse muscle 18 above;    -   in the outer part, towards the front there is the internal        orifice 19 of the inguinal canal with the elements of the        spermatic cord (spermatic vessels and ductus deferens), with the        psoas muscle 12 below, and with the transverse muscle 18 above.

The peritoneum is not shown in FIG. 1: it is situated between FIG. 1 andthe person looking at FIG. 1. For example, an indirect inguinal herniais a swelling of the groin caused when a portion of the peritoneum,possibly containing abdominal viscera, passes through the orifice 19 ofthe inguinal canal. It is necessary to protect this orifice 19 and topush the peritoneum, and possibly the abdominal viscera, back in thedirection of the abdominal cavity, and place a barrier, namely aprosthesis, between the peritoneum and the orifice 19 of the inguinalcanal. In other types of inguinal hernias, such as the femoral hernia orthe direct hernia, the biological tissues to be protected are the illiacvessels 11 or the spermatic cord 20.

It will be noted in FIG. 1 that the elements described above are not allin the same spatial plane, but instead are arranged in an obliquearrangement from the top downwards and from the outside inwards. In thecase of an inguinal hernia, the prosthesis implanted after reduction ofthe hernia must ensure satisfactory covering by adapting to the contoursof the region and by respecting the obliqueness of the inguinal space,if possible without leaving any empty spaces.

When operating by open surgery, the surgeon has to bring the prosthesisinto this inguinal region from an incision performed in the abdominalskin and the muscles and then place the prosthesis correctly withrespect to all the elements described above. In order to minimize thetrauma subsequent to any surgical intervention, the incision must be assmall as possible, for example 4 cm long, or better only 3 cm long.

Moreover, because of the obliqueness of the inguinal region and therestricted deployment space, it can prove complicated to deploy theprosthesis and then orient it suitably with respect to the orifice ofthe inguinal canal or to the other organs to be protected, such as theilliac vessels or the spermatic cord. Moreover because of the specificlocation of the inguinal region beyond the muscles, in other words farfrom the incision in the abdominal skin, the surgeon has hardly anyvisibility at the implantation site.

The effectiveness of the prosthesis, hence the ability to minimize therisks of recurrence, depends to a large extent on how well theprosthesis is correctly spread out against the biological tissues of theinguinal region. In the present application, “biological tissues of theinguinal region” are understood as the biological tissues of the organsor elements of the inguinal region that are shown in FIG. 1 and that areintended to be protected from the peritoneum with a view to repairingthe hernia, and in particular the anterior muscle wall, the orifice ofthe inguinal canal, the upper part of the os pubis and of Cooper'sligament, the iliac and spermatic vessels, and part of the psoas muscle.

Indeed, prostheses based on a textile are generally flexible. In orderto introduce them into the abdominal incision, they are often folded upto reduce their volume. They therefore tend to form creases whenintroduced at the implantation site. This phenomenon may even beamplified when the prosthesis is not intended to remain permanently inthe body of the patient and is therefore based on a bioresorbabletextile. Indeed, bioresorbable textiles may be made from low densitymeshes or knit designs. The possible low density of bioresorbabletextiles puts further pressure on such textiles' inherent ability tospread themselves out in an implantation site. The spreading out oftextile based prosthesis, in particular of bioresorbable prosthesis, istherefore of key importance but can prove difficult, particularly whenthe incision completed on the skin of the patient is small and offersthe surgeon poor space and visibility to manipulate and position theprosthesis.

There is therefore still the need for a prosthesis for repair ofinguinal hernias that is based on a biocompatible textile, that is able,in a first configuration, to occupy a small volume so as to facilitateits introduction into the inguinal space through a small incision, andwhich can then be easily deployed, spread out and pressed flat againstthe biological tissues of the inguinal region, such that the surgeon isassured of the optimal positioning of the prosthesis.

The present invention aims to meet such a need.

A first aspect of the invention concerns a prosthesis for the repair ofan inguinal hernia, of generally elongate shape defining a longitudinalaxis A aligned on a medial-lateral axis and a transversal axis B alignedon a cranial-caudal axis comprising:

-   -   at least one flexible biocompatible textile of elongate shape        comprising a medial end, a lateral end, a cranial part and a        caudal part, said textile being delimited by a peripheral outer        edge formed of a convex medial edge, a convex cranial edge, a        convex lateral edge and a caudal edge, and    -   at least one reinforcing element for said textile, said        reinforcing element being in the form of a resilient frame        connected to said textile and set back from the peripheral outer        edge,

characterized in that said frame comprises a convex cranial segmentextending from the medial end of the textile to the lateral end of saidtextile along said convex cranial edge, a caudal segment substantiallyextending from the medial end of the textile to the lateral end of saidtextile and caudally spaced with respect to said convex cranial segment,a lateral corner segment joining together the convex cranial segment andthe caudal segment in the region of the lateral end of the textile, anda folding segment configured for joining a medial end of said convexcranial segment to a point located on the caudal segment while leavingthe region of the medial end of the textile free of any frame,

said frame being able to adopt an unstressed configuration, in whichsaid textile is deployed, and a stressed configuration, in which saidframe is subjected to a transversal force directed towards saidlongitudinal axis A, and said convex cranial segment, said caudalsegment and said folding segment are substantially collected togetherand aligned on one folding direction, said textile forming thereby atleast one fold along said folding direction.

In the prosthesis of the invention, the cranial part of the textile isintended to be placed facing the anterior muscle wall, the orifice ofthe inguinal canal, the upper part of the os pubis and Cooper'sligament, and the caudal part of the textile is intended to be placedfacing the iliac and spermatic vessels and part of the psoas muscle. Themedial end of the textile is oriented in the direction of the os pubis.The prosthesis of the invention is therefore adapted for the treatmentof various types of inguinal hernias, such as direct inguinal hernia,femoral inguinal hernia and indirect inguinal hernia.

As has been seen above, the specific nature of the inguinal region,which is not symmetrical, means that the orientation of the prosthesisis imperative during implantation. This is because the cranial part ofthe prosthesis often has a larger surface than the caudal part. It istherefore imperative that the cranial part of the prosthesis iscorrectly positioned facing the anterior muscle wall, the orifice of theinguinal canal, the upper part of the os pubis and Cooper's ligament,and that the caudal part of the prosthesis is correctly positionedfacing the iliac and spermatic vessels and part of the psoas muscle. Inthis view, only one face of the prosthesis is intended to be placedfacing the the biological tissues of the inguinal region, while theopposite face is intended to be placed facing the peritoneum.

The prosthesis according to the invention is able to be folded up alongat least one folding direction in a very simple way, for example bypressing the frame together, in one hand, transversally in the directionof the longitudinal axis of the prosthesis. Thus, the prosthesis iscapable of adopting an elongate configuration, which is very compact inthe transversal direction, allowing it to pass easily through anincision of very small size, such as an incision of 3 cm long, withoutthe aid of additional tools. The frame is sufficiently resilient toallow the prosthesis to be folded in order to enter the incision. Whenit emerges from the incision, the prosthesis tends to spread outautomatically under the action of the frame, which tends to recover itsinitial configuration in the absence of the stresses from the walls ofthe incision. The prosthesis is capable of conforming to the anatomicalstructures and of remaining in place once it is positioned at theimplantation site.

According to the present invention, “textile” is understood as anyarrangement or assembly of biocompatible yarns, fibres, filaments and/ormultifilaments, for example obtained by knitting, weaving, braiding, ornon-woven.

In the present application, “biocompatible” is understood as meaningthat the materials having this property can be implanted in the human oranimal body.

Within the meaning of the present application, a “flexible textile” isunderstood as a textile that can be folded up but that does not have aninherent elasticity allowing it to spontaneously recover a spread-outconfiguration once it has been folded up.

Within the meaning of the present application, a “resilient frame” isunderstood as a frame which, for example, can be semi-rigid and has aresiliency or elasticity allowing it to be deformed under the effect ofa temporary stress and allowing it to return to an initial state of restonce said stress has been removed. According to the present invention,the frame allows the textile, and therefore the prosthesis, to bepressed together in the transversal direction towards the longitudinalaxis of the textile.

This step of pressing together is made easier by the specific shape ofthe frame. The respective shapes of the convex cranial segment, thecaudal segment and the folding segment allow these segments to be ableto converge together and to be aligned on one folding direction when atransversal pressure is exerted on the frame. The absence of any framestructure in the region of the medial end of the textile allows theconvex cranial segment and the caudal segment to be brought closetogether, for example side by side or alternatively one on the top ofthe other, at the time of the folding of the prosthesis. The transversalvolume occupied by the prosthesis is therefore reduced, making it easierto introduce the prosthesis into the incision performed by the surgeon,in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the prosthesis. As willappear from the description below, the prosthesis may further comprise adeploying element in this same region of the medial end of the textile,such deploying element being preferably separate from the frame, suchdeploying element helping drawing away the convex cranial segment fromthe caudal segment at the time the prosthesis is being deployed, suchdeploying element therefore further contributing to confirm to thesurgeon that the prosthesis is correctly spread out.

The materials that may be suitable for producing the frame of theprosthesis according to the invention may be chosen from anybiocompatible material having a certain rigidity and a certainresilience in order to meet the requirements described above.

In one embodiment, the frame is made of a bioresorbable material. In thepresent application, “bioresorbable” or “biodegradable” is understood tomean that the materials having this property are absorbed and/ordegraded by the tissues or washed from the implantation site anddisappear in vivo after a certain time, which may vary, for example,from a few hours to a few months, depending on the chemical nature ofthe materials.

Thus, the frame may act as a guide for the prosthesis for introducingsaid prosthesis into a small incision, then may act as a means ofstiffening the prosthesis during the positioning and implanting of theprosthesis in order to ensure a good deployment of the prosthesis, afterwhich it may gradually degrade when the textile has been recolonized bythe surrounding cells.

For example, the bioresorbable material can be chosen from amongpolylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactones (PCL), polydioxanones (PDO),trimethylene carbonates (TMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), oxidized cellulose, polyglycolic acid(PGA), copolymers of these materials and mixtures thereof. For example,the bioresorbable material can be a copolymer of polylactic acid and ofpolyglycolic acid.

Alternatively, the frame of the prosthesis according to the invention ismade of a non-bioresorbable material chosen from among polypropylenes,polyesters such as polyethyleneterephthalates, polyamides, silicones,polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone ketone (PEKK),polyarylether ether ketone (PAEK), polyurethanes and mixtures thereof.

In another embodiment, said frame is formed by a combination ofbioresorbable material and of non-bioresorbable material.

The frame of the prosthesis according to the invention is substantiallyset back from the peripheral outer edge of the textile. Thus the framemay have an outer perimeter lower than that of the peripheral outer edgeof the textile. In other words, the peripheral outer edge of the textilecan extend beyond the frame by a certain distance which may vary,depending on the location (medial, cranial, lateral or caudal) of thecontemplated edge. For example, this distance can be greater than orequal to 1 mm. The frame will therefore generally have smallerdimensions than those of the peripheral outer edge of the textile.

The shape of the frame makes it possible to easily press together and/orfold the prosthesis and align it on the folding direction, which may bealigned on longitudinal axis A. The absence of any frame in the regionof the medial end of the textile allows the textile to be folded easily.

In the prosthesis of the invention, the caudal segment of the frame mayserve as a positioning guide for the surgeon, this caudal segmentpreferably having to be placed in the inguinal region at theintersection of the parietal and vascular planes to permit optimalpositioning of the prosthesis. In one embodiment of the invention, saidcaudal segment may form a fold of the textile, said fold causing saidcaudal part of said textile to form naturally an angle to the plane ofsaid cranial part of said textile. Thus, the caudal segment may give thetextile a three-dimensional shape, similar to the anatomy of theinguinal region, by forming a fold in the textile, in such a way thatthe caudal part of the textile tends naturally to form an angle with thecranial part of said textile, this angle corresponding to the angleformed anatomically by the intersection of the parietal and vascularplanes.

In embodiments, said caudal segment is concave. Such a shape allows aneasy pressing of the frame and therefore of the prosthesis, and asignificant reduction of the volume occupied by the prosthesis in thetransversal direction. In addition, the concavity of the caudal segmentconfers to the caudal part of the textile an undulated and anatomicaldeveloped shape for matching the general shape of the lower inguinalstructures, especially the spermatic and iliac vessels and the psoasmuscle.

In embodiments, the folding segment joins the medial end of said convexcranial segment to a medial end of the caudal segment. For example, thefolding segment has a U shape extending towards a center of the textile.In such embodiments, when pressing the frame transversally, the two legsof the U of the folding segment converge together with the convexcranial segment and the caudal segment, allowing a significant reductionof the volume occupied by the prosthesis in the transversal direction.

In one embodiment, said frame is continuous. Thus, the step of pressingthe prosthesis together, by pressing the frame together towards thelongitudinal axis of the prosthesis, does not create any projectingelements that could potentially perforate and damage the tissues. Byvirtue of its nature and its shape, the frame only has rounded andatraumatic outer contours.

In embodiments, at least a part of said frame, for example at least apart of the caudal segment, has substantially the structure of a flatband forming undulations substantially in the plane of said textile.Such undulations allow a good conformability of the prosthesis ingeneral, and a good flexibility to the caudal segment in particular atthe intersection of the parietal and vascular planes. Such undulationscan expand and contract to further confer a greater flexibility to theframe. In addition, such undulations confer a good resistance to foldingto the prosthesis.

In embodiments, said frame further comprises a caudal extension locatedon the caudal segment and extending in the caudal direction toward thecaudal edge of the textile. The caudal extension helps deploying thecaudal part of the textile once the prosthesis is implanted. This caudalextension helps spreading out the caudal part of the textile on thebiological tissues it is intended to cover, namely the iliac andspermatic vessels and part of the psoas muscle.

The frame of the prosthesis according to the invention is connected tosaid textile. For example, the frame can be fixed to the textile bysewing, ultrasonic welding, or else by adhesive bonding or moulding.

In one embodiment, the frame of the prosthesis according to theinvention is moulded over the textile. Thus, the frame is connected tothe textile by injection moulding of one or more thermoplastic orthermosetting biocompatible materials. For example, the mould of aninjection-moulding machine is equipped with an insert gate in which thetextile is held. One or more thermoplastic or thermosettingbiocompatible materials are then heated to their melting point andinjected into the mould, the latter having one or more channels of theshape desired for the frame. The holding of the textile, the precisionof the injection volume and the choice of the injection parameters makeit possible to obtain a frame without material loss, without flash andwith good surface evenness. Such a method allows the frame to beembedded in the textile in a particularly effective and lasting way.

In one embodiment, the frame is obtained by moulding a copolymer ofpolylactic acid and of polyglycolic acid over the textile.

In embodiments, the lateral corner segment is linked to the convexcranial segment and to the caudal segment via two respective hingepoints allowing the lateral region of the textile to be folded onto theremaining part of the textile. Such embodiments allow reducing thevolume occupied by the prosthesis in the longitudinal direction beforeintroduction of the prosthesis in the incision and to the implantationsite.

In embodiments, the prosthesis further comprises a deploying elementlocated in the region of the medial end of the textile, for drawing awaysaid convex cranial segment from said caudal segment when saidtransversal force is released and said textile is being deployed. Thedeploying element is preferably separate from the frame and may be underthe form of one or several teeth located between the medial end of theconvex cranial segment and the medial end of the caudal segment. Thedeploying element helps restoring the distance existing between themedial end of the convex cranial segment and the medial end of caudalsegment when the prosthesis is in a spread out configuration. Thedeploying element therefore contributes to confirming to the surgeonthat the prosthesis has been correctly deployed. In particular, thedeploying element may be formed of the same material as that forming theframe. The deploying element may also be bioresorbable or not. It may bemoulded on the textile.

In embodiments, the prosthesis further comprises a grasping elementcapable of cooperating with a part of a grasping tool so as totemporarily couple said prosthesis to said tool. The presence of agrasping element allows the prosthesis to be easily grasped by a part ofa tool conventionally used in surgery, for example one of the jaws of apair of forceps. Preferably, the grasping element is located in theregion of the medial end of the textile. Indeed, as will appear from thedescription below, the prosthesis of the invention is intended to beinserted in the abdominal incision via its medial end. The presence of agrasping element in the region of the medial end of the textile allowsthe surgeon to couple the prosthesis to the grasping tool whilecompleting a global distal movement of insertion of the prosthesis inthe incision, with the medial end of the prosthesis drawn forward by thegrasping tool and the lateral end of the prosthesis naturally followingthe movement.

The grasping element may have any shape adapted for receiving a part ofa grasping tool, such as a jaw of a pair of forceps in temporaryengagement. For example, the grasping element is a loop or a hook. Thegrasping element may be made of the same material as that of the frame.The grasping element may also be bioresorbable or not. It may be mouldedon the textile.

The textile of the prosthesis according to the invention has a generallyelongate shape, for example oval or elliptic. The textile can haveanother initial shape and can then be cut to such an elongate shape, inparticular to a shape adapted to the defect, for example the herniadefect of the inguinal region, that is to be treated. In particular, theshape of the textile of the prosthesis of the invention comprises a partcapable of efficiently covering the anterior muscle wall, the orifice ofthe inguinal canal, the upper part of the os pubis and Cooper'sligament, and a part capable of covering efficiently the iliac vesselsand spermatic vessels and part of the psoas muscle. The textile isdelimited by a peripheral outer edge formed of a convex medial edge, aconvex cranial edge, a convex lateral edge and a caudal edge. The caudaledge may be flat or convex. Preferably, the caudal edge is convex inorder to optimize the covering of the iliac vessels and spermaticvessels and part of the psoas muscle. As such, the general shape of theperipheral outer edge is preferably convex.

The textile may be bioresorbable, permanent or partially bioresorbable.In embodiments, the textile is bioresorbable. Bioresorbable textiles maybe made from low density meshes or knit designs. In embodiments, forexample when the prosthesis is not intended to remain permanently in thebody of a patient, both the frame and the textile are bioresorbable. Forexample, the frame is bioresorbable in a time frame comparable to thetextile. The shape and nature of the frame of the prosthesis of theinvention allow providing a prosthesis based on a low densitybioresorbable textile capable of offering sufficient strength forperforming its repair function and sufficient rigidity for beingefficiently manipulated while at the same time limiting the amount offoreign material implanted.

In one embodiment, the textile is a mesh.

Within the meaning of the present application, a “mesh” is understood asa textile, as defined above, which is openworked, that is to sayprovided with pores that favour recolonization of tissue. It issufficiently flexible to be folded up at the time of introduction intothe abdominal cavity. The mesh can be made from a layer of textile orseveral layers of textile. Such meshes are well known to a personskilled in the art.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mesh is a knit. By virtue of themeshwork of the knit, it is possible to obtain openworked faces thatpromote cell recolonization after implantation. The knit can betwo-dimensional or three-dimensional.

Within the meaning of the present application, a two-dimensional knit isunderstood as a knit having two opposite faces linked to each other bymeshes but devoid of a spacer giving it a certain thickness: such a knitcan be obtained, for example, by knitting yarns on a warp knittingmachine or raschel knitting machine using two guide bars. Examples ofknitting two-dimensional knits suitable for the present invention aregiven in the document WO2009/071998.

According to the present application, a three-dimensional knit isunderstood as a knit having two opposite faces linked to each other by aspacer that gives the knit a significant thickness, said spacer itselfbeing formed from additional linking yarns in addition to the yarnsforming the two faces of the knit. Such a knit can be obtained, forexample, on a double-bed warp knitting or raschel knitting machine usingseveral guide bars. Examples of knitting three-dimensional knitssuitable for the present invention are given in the documentsWO99/05990, WO2009/031035 and WO2009/071998.

In embodiments of the invention, one face of the textile may be coveredby a non-stick coating. Such a non-stick coating makes it possible inparticular to avoid the formation of undesired and serious post-surgicalfibrous adhesions. Within the meaning of the present application,“non-stick” is understood as a smooth and non-porous biocompatiblematerial or coating that does not offer space for cell recolonizationand that preferably promotes the growth of peritoneum.

Another aspect of the present invention is a method by which aprosthesis as described above is conveyed to an implantation site of theinguinal region during an open surgery procedure, said method comprisingthe following steps:

-   -   an incision of size ranging from 3 to 4 cm is completed on the        abdominal skin,    -   the above prosthesis is pressed together and/or folded upon        itself, by applying a transversal pressure on the frame, so that        said textile forms a fold along the folding direction, and said        convex cranial segment, said caudal segment and said folding        segment are substantially collected together, for example side        by side or one on top of the other, and aligned on one folding        direction,    -   the medial end of the prosthesis is approached towards the        incision, optionnally by temporarily coupling the prosthesis        with a grasping tool when a grasping element is present, and the        folded prosthesis is fully introduced in the incision and        conveyed to the implantation site in the inguinal region,    -   the pressure exerted on the frame is released and the prosthesis        is automatically deployed by means of the frame coming back to        its unstressed configuration, and optionally with the help of        the deploying element and/or of the caudal extension of the        frame, and/or with the surgeon's finger.

The prosthesis is fitted in place facing the surrounding biologicaltissues, by positioning the cranial part of the textile facing theanterior muscle wall, the orifice of the inguinal canal, the upper partof the os pubis and Cooper's ligament, and the caudal part of thetextile facing the iliac and spermatic vessels and part of the psoasmuscle, if appropriate with the aid of the caudal segment, by placingthe latter at the intersection of the parietal and vascular planes.

The automatic return of the frame to its initial configurationcontributes to an initial deployment of the prosthesis at theimplantation site. Because of the restricted space and visibility at theimplantation site, the surgeon may further need to finalize thedeployement of the prosthesis with his fingers and/or with the deployingelement and caudal extension when present. Indeed, when operating in theinguinal region via an open surgery procedure, the surgeon is unable tosee the implantation site with his eyes. He can only feel thesurrounding biological tissues by touching them with his fingers. Inthis context, the presence and shape of the frame helps the surgeon feeland evaluate the geometry of the prosthesis with his fingers and furtherhelps him determine the best position of the prosthesis with respect tothe surrounding organs for a most efficient spreading-out of the latterat the implantation site. In embodiments where the lateral cornersegment is linked to the convex cranial segment and to the caudalsegment via two respective hinge points, the lateral region of thetextile is folded onto the remaining part of the textile before the stepof introducing the prosthesis into the incision. In such a case, theglobal volume occupied by the prosthesis at the time it is introduced inthe incision is greatly reduced. Indeed, this volume is first reduced inthe transversal direction because of said convex cranial segment, saidcaudal segment and said folding segment being substantially collectedtogether aligned on one folding direction. In addition, this volume isalso reduced in the longitudinal direction because the the lateralregion of the textile is folded onto the remaining part of the textile.

The advantages of the present invention will become clearer from thefollowing detailed description and from the attached drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the inguinal region on the right-handside of a human body,

FIG. 2 is a top view of a first embodiment of the prosthesis of theinvention,

FIG. 3 is a top view of a second embodiment of the prosthesis of theinvention,

FIG. 4 is a top view of a third embodiment of the prosthesis of theinvention,

FIG. 5 is a top view of a fourth embodiment of the prosthesis of theinvention,

FIG. 6 is a top view of the prosthesis of FIG. 4 in a compressedconfiguration,

FIG. 7 is a top view of another embodiment of the frame of theprosthesis of the invention,

FIG. 8 is a top view of another embodiment of the frame of theprosthesis of the invention,

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the prosthesis of FIG. 4 once implantedand positioned with respect to the anatomical elements of theextraperitoneal inguinal region, on the right-hand side of a human body,seen from the inside outwards, that is to say towards the outside of thebody.

FIGS. 2-5 show embodiments of a prosthesis 1 according to the invention.The prostheses 1 of these figures all comprise a biocompatible textile 2and a reinforcing element in the form of a frame 3.

As will be clear from FIGS. 2-5, the textile 2 has a generally elongateshape, similar to an oval or egg shape, defining a longitudinal axis Aand a transversal axis B. With reference to FIG. 9, in an implantedconfiguration of the prosthesis 1 of FIG. 4, the longitudinal axis A isaligned on the medial-lateral axis of a human body and the transversalaxis B is aligned on the cranial-caudal axis of a human body.

The textile 2 is thus delimited by a peripheral outer edge 4. Thetextile 2 comprises a medial end 2 a, a lateral end 2 b, a cranial part2 c and a caudal part 2 d. With reference to FIGS. 2 and 5, theperipheral outer edge 4 is formed of a convex medial edge 4 a, a convexcranial edge 4 c, a convex lateral edge 4 b and a rather flat caudaledge 4 d. With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the peripheral outer edge 4is formed of a convex medial edge 4 a, a convex cranial edge 4 c, aconvex lateral edge 4 b and a convex caudal edge 4 d, and is thereforeglobally convex.

In the examples shown, the textile 2 has the general shape of thesection of an egg by a longitudinal plane. Such a shape is particularlysuitable for the repair of an inguinal hernia. In particular, as appearsfrom FIG. 9, the cranial part 2 c of the textile 2 is designed andshaped so as to efficiently cover the anterior muscle wall (16, 18), theupper part of the os pubis 17 and Cooper's ligament 21, while the caudalpart 2 d of the textile 2 is designed and shaped so as to coverefficiently the iliac vessels 11 and spermatic vessels 20 and part ofthe psoas muscle. In this view, the cranial part 2 c is generally largerthan the caudal part 2 d. In addition, the medial end 2 a has a roundedconfiguration that makes it capable of overlying and covering theorifice 19 of the inguinal canal. The lateral end 2 b has also a roundedconfiguration, but of smaller size than the medial end 2 a, as it islocated away from the orifice 19 of the inguinal canal in an area whereless foreign material is needed and desired.

In other embodiments, the textile 2 could have a globally oval orrectangular shape or could be protean if the shape in question isgenerally elongate and is adapted to cover the hernia defect in theinguinal region as explained above.

The textile 2 is made up of an arrangement of biocompatible filaments,such as a knit, a woven or a nonwoven. Preferably, as is shown in FIGS.2-5, the textile 2 is in the form of a mesh, that is to say it hasopenings for better tissue integration. For example, the textile 2 canbe a two-dimensional or three-dimensional knit. Such textiles in theform of meshes or knits are well known to a person skilled in the artand are not described in any greater detail here.

The textile 2 can be bioresorbable, permanent or partiallybioresorbable. As will become clear from the description below, thetextile 2 is sufficiently flexible to be folded up, in particular at thetime of introduction of the prosthesis into the abdominal incision,along at least one folding direction. In general, however, the textile 2does not have an inherent elasticity allowing it to spontaneouslyrecover a spread-out configuration once it has been folded up. Thetextile 2 can be supplied in the form of a band, which one cuts to thedimensions of the defect to be treated.

Referring again to FIGS. 2-5, and as will become clear on reading thedescription below, the frame 3 acts as an element reinforcing thetextile 2 in order to stiffen the latter and keep it in its generallyelongate shape, as a tool for guiding the prosthesis 1 at the time ofits introduction into the abdominal incision, and as a tool forassisting in the deployment of the prosthesis 1 when the prosthesis 1reaches the implantation site. For this purpose, the frame 3 isconnected to the textile 2 and has an elasticity allowing it to bedeformed under the effect of a temporary stress and allowing it toreturn to an initial state of rest once said stress has been removed.

The frame 3 is connected to the textile 2. It can be attached to thetextile 2 by means of a seam, or else by means of an ultrasonic weld, byadhesive bonding, or by injection moulding.

In one embodiment, the frame 3 is connected to the textile 2 byinjection moulding of one or more thermoplastic or thermosettingbiocompatible materials. Such an embodiment makes it possible to securethe fixing of the frame to the textile in a particularly effectivemanner and to produce the prostheses according to the invention at anindustrial scale.

In the injection moulding technique, a mould is formed in which, forexample, there is a cavity defining a contour which corresponds to thecontour of the frame that is to be obtained. The textile is held in aninsert gate of the mould. The thermoplastic material used to produce theframe, for example a copolymer of polylactic acid and of polyglycolicacid, is heated and injected into the cavity using an injection mouldingmachine.

After the injection step, the mould is opened and the prosthesis 1 iswithdrawn from the mould. Such a method allows the textile to be“embedded” in the part moulded over it. Thus, the frame 3, which is theovermoulded part, is connected to the textile, without any risk of itscoming loose or fragmenting. The frame 3 is slightly set back from theperipheral convex outer edge 4.

With reference to FIGS. 2-5, the frame 3 comprises a first segment whichis a convex cranial segment 3 c and which extends from the medial end 2a of the textile 2 to the lateral end 2 b of the textile 2 substantiallyparallel to the convex cranial edge 4 c. The frame 3 further comprises asecond segment which is a caudal segment 3 d substantially extendingfrom the medial end 2 a of the textile 2 to the lateral end 2 b of thetextile 2 and caudally spaced with respect to the convex cranial segment3 c. The frame 3 further comprises a lateral corner segment 3 b joiningtogether the convex cranial segment 3 c and the caudal segment 3 d inthe region of the lateral end 2 b of the textile 2.

Eventually, always with reference to FIGS. 2-5, the frame 3 comprises alast segment which is a folding segment 5 configured for joining amedial end of the convex cranial segment 3 c to a point 5 a located onthe caudal segment 3 d. As appears from FIGS. 2-5, the frame 3encompasses all these segments, convex cranial segment 3 c, lateralcorner segment 3 b, caudal segment 3 d and folding segment 5, in acontinuous way. The frame 3 is therefore continuous. As also appearsfrom FIGS. 2-5, the shape of the frame 3 leaves the region of the medialend 2 a of the textile 2 free of any frame structure.

More particularly, with reference to FIGS. 2 and 5, the folding segment5 is a globally linear segment 6 joining the medial end of the convexcranial segment 3 c to a point 5 a located in the lateral region of thecaudal segment. With reference to FIG. 5, the linear segment 6 is underthe form of a flat band forming undulations.

With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the folding segment 5 joins the medialend of said convex cranial segment to a medial end of the caudal segmentand the folding segment 5 is a U shaped body 7 extending towards acenter of the textile.

Thus, in the examples shown in FIGS. 2-5, the caudal segment 3 d and thefolding segment (5, 6), or alternatively the folding segment (5, 7) onits own, define a sort of mouth of the frame 3 in the medial end 2 a ofthe textile 2. The presence of this mouth allows an easy folding of thetextile 2 and therefore of the prosthesis 1 when a pressure, such as theforce F shown on FIG. 6 in relation with the prosthesis 1 of FIG. 4, isexerted on the frame 3. This pressure allows reducing the volumeoccupied by the prosthesis 1 in the tranversal direction, as will beclear from comparison of FIGS. 4 and 6 showing the same prosthesis 1respectively in its spread out configuration and in its compressedconfiguration.

In addition, because of the frame 3 being continuous, the step ofpressing the prosthesis 1 together, by pressing the frame 3 togethertowards the longitudinal axis A of the prosthesis 1, does not create anyprojecting elements that could potentially perforate and damage thetissues. By virtue of its nature and its shape, the frame only hasrounded and atraumatic outer contours.

In particular, the frame 3 has a structure, in other words a shape, anda nature, in other words a material, giving it an elasticity such thatit is able to adopt a first, unstressed configuration in which thetextile 2 and the prosthesis 1 are deployed and spread out as shown inFIG. 2, and a second, stressed configuration in which the frame 3 issubjected to a transversal force directed towards said longitudinal axisA and the convex cranial segment 3 c, the caudal segment 3 d and thefolding segment 5 are substantially collected together and aligned onone folding direction, the textile 2 forming thereby at least one foldalong the folding direction, as shown on FIG. 6 in relation with theprosthesis 1 of FIG. 4.

As shown on FIGS. 2-5, at least a part of the frame 3 has substantiallythe structure of a flat band forming undulations substantially in theplane of the textile 2. Such undulations allow a good conformability ofthe prosthesis. Such undulations further confer a spring behavior to theframe 3. In addition, such undulations confer a good resistance tofolding to the prosthesis 1.

As shown on FIGS. 2-4, the caudal segment 3 d may be concave. As appearsfrom FIG. 9, the caudal segment 3 d may form the frontier between thecranial part 2 c and the caudal part 2 d of the textile 2.

For example, the cranial part 2 c is substantially planar and largeenough so as to cover the anterior muscle wall (16, 18), the orifice 19of the inguinal canal, the upper part of the os pubis 17 and Cooper'sligament 21. The concavity of the caudal segment 3 d confers to thecaudal part 2 d of the textile 2 an undulated and anatomical developedshape for matching the general shape of the lower inguinal structures,especially the spermatic and iliac vessels and the psoas muscle, as willbe seen from FIG. 9. The concavity of the caudal segment 3 d gives thecaudal part 2 d a curved shape, this caudal part 2 d thus forming withthe cranial part 2 c an angle corresponding to the angle formed by theparietal and vascular planes at the intersection thereof in the inguinalregion of a human body. Thus, the cranial part 2 c and the caudal part 2d are asymmetrical, which means that a left-hand prosthesis orright-hand prosthesis will be used depending on which side the hernia tobe treated is located. As is shown in FIG. 9, the prosthesis 1 of FIG. 4is a prosthesis for the repair of an inguinal hernia on the right-handside of a patient. A prosthesis suitable for the repair of an inguinalhernia on the left-hand side of a patient would have a shape the mirrorimage of the prosthesis 1 of FIG. 4.

With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the frame 3 further comprises a caudalextension 8 located on the caudal segment 3 d and extending in thecaudal direction substantially up to the caudal edge 4 d of the textile2. The caudal extension 8 helps deploying the caudal part 2 d of thetextile 2 once the prosthesis 1 is implanted, as shown on FIG. 9. Thiscaudal extension 8 helps spreading out the caudal part 2 d of thetextile on the biological tissues it is intended to cover, namely theiliac and spermatic vessels and part of the psoas muscle.

With reference to FIGS. 7 and 8 are shown frames 3 suitable for theprosthesis of the invention and further comprising a deploying element,such as a tooth 9 (FIG. 7) or an arrow 10 (FIG. 8), located in theregion of the medial end of the textile (not shown). The deployingelement (9, 10) serves for drawing away the convex cranial segment 3 cfrom the caudal segment 3 d when the transversal force is released andthe textile is being deployed once the prosthesis has reached theimplantation site. More particularly, the deploying element (9, 10) islocated in the inside of the mouth defined by the folding segment 5 andoptionally the caudal segment 3 d as described above, in order torestore the width of said mouth in the process of redeployment of theprosthesis. The deploying element (9, 10) is preferably separate fromthe frame 3 so that it does not impinge on the coming closer together ofthe convex cranial segment 3 c and of the caudal segment 3 d at the timeof the folding of the prosthesis. The deploying element (9, 10) may beformed of the same material as that forming the frame 3. The deployingelement (9, 10) may also be bioresorbable or not. It may be moulded onthe textile.

With reference to FIG. 8, the lateral corner segment 3 b is linked tothe convex cranial segment 3 c and to the caudal segment 3 d via tworespective hinge points (30 a, 30 b). These two hinge points (30 a, 30b) allow the lateral region of the textile (not shown) to be folded ontothe remaining part of the textile. Such embodiments allow reducing thevolume occupied by the prosthesis in the longitudinal direction beforeintroduction of the prosthesis in the incision and to the implantationsite.

With reference to FIG. 5, the prosthesis 1 further comprises a graspingelement under the form of a loop 31 located at the medial end of thecaudal segment 3 d. The loop 31 is capable of cooperating with a part ofa grasping tool, such as a jaw of a pair of forceps (not shown) so as totemporarily couple the prosthesis 1 to the tool. For example, the partof the textile 2 located within the loop 31 may be cut so that thedistal end of the jaw traverses the textile 2 and grasps the prosthesis1. The presence of the loop 31 in the region of the medial end of thetextile 2 allows the surgeon to couple the prosthesis 1 to the graspingtool at the time he completes a global distal movement for insertion ofthe prosthesis in the abdominal incision, with the medial end of theprosthesis 1 drawn forward by the grasping tool and the lateral end ofthe prosthesis naturally following the movement. Once the prosthesis 1is conveyed to the implantation site, the surgeon simply pullsproximally on the grasping tool which naturally uncouples from theprosthesis 1. In other embodiments not shown, the loop 31 could bereplaced by a hook. The loop 31 may be made of the same material as thatof the frame 3, and may be bioresorbable or not. It may be moulded onthe textile 2.

The prosthesis of the invention ensures that all of the anatomicalelements described above are covered, without leaving empty spaces thatcould possibly cause a recurrence. In particular, the region around theiliac and spermatic vessels is particularly well protected. Thistherefore avoids one of the main causes of secondary hernias, which canbe even more difficult to treat on account of the deterioration of theanatomical structures that has been caused by the earlier hernia.

The use and the implantation of the prosthesis according to theinvention will now be described with reference to the treatment of aninguinal hernia on the right-hand side of a patient by an open surgeryprocedure using the prosthesis 1 from FIGS. 4 and 6.

The perspective views in FIGS. 1 and 9 show, on the one hand, theanatomical elements of the extraperitoneal inguinal region on theright-hand side of a human body, seen from the inside outwards, that isto say towards the outside of the body as has been described above, and,on the other hand, a view of the positioning of the prosthesis accordingto the present invention in relation to these elements once it has beenimplanted.

It can be clearly seen in FIG. 1 that the inguinal region is particularin that the elements described above are not all in the same spatialplane, but instead are arranged in an oblique arrangement from the topdownwards and from the outside inwards. In the case of an inguinalhernia, the prosthesis implanted after reduction of the hernia mustensure satisfactory covering by adapting to the contours of the regionand by respecting the obliqueness of the inguinal space.

The surgeon is provided with a prosthesis 1 of FIG. 4. The surgeonapplies a transversal pressure on the frame 3 of the prosthesis 1 asshown by arrows F on FIG. 6. Under this pressure, the convex cranialsegment, the caudal segment 3 d and the folding segment 5 are collectedtogether, for example side by side or one on top of the other(s), andbecome aligned on a main direction, herein called the folding direction,which is the direction of the longitudinal axis A on FIG. 6 in thepresent example. In other embodiments, the folding direction may differslightly or substantially from the direction defined by the longitudinalaxis A. As appears from FIG. 6, the volume occupied by the prosthesis 1in its compressed configuration in the transversal direction is greatlyreduced compared with the volume occupied by the same prosthesis 1 inits spread out configuration as shown on FIG. 4. For example, theprosthesis 1 may have a width of 10 cm measured along the transversaldirection in its spread out configuration, and a width of only 2.5 cmmeasured along the transversal direction in its compressedconfiguration.

In embodiments where the lateral corner segment is linked to the convexcranial segment and to the caudal segment via two respective hingepoints (see FIG. 8), the lateral region of the textile is folded ontothe remaining part of the textile before the step of introducing theprosthesis into the incision. In such a case, the global volume occupiedby the prosthesis at the time it is introduced in the incision isgreatly reduced. Indeed, this volume is first reduced in the transversaldirection because of said convex cranial segment, said caudal segmentand said folding segment being substantially collected together andaligned on one folding direction. In addition, this volume is alsoreduced in the longitudinal direction because the the lateral region ofthe textile is folded onto the remaining part of the textile.

Once the prosthesis is folded in a compressed configuration, the surgeonthen approaches the medial end of the prosthesis 1 towards an incisionhe has previously performed in the abdominal skin of the patient and heintroduces the folded prosthesis 1 into said incision. Because thevolume of the prosthesis 1 is reduced in its compressed configuration,the incision may show small dimensions, such as 3 or 4 cm long. Byvirtue of its elongate compact shape, and the rigidity conferred on itby the presence of the frame 3, the prosthesis 1 also easily enters theincision.

The surgeon pushes on the lateral end of the prosthesis 1 in thedirection of the folding direction in order to deliver the prosthesis tothe implantation site in the inguinal region.

Once the prosthesis 1 is at the implantation site, namely in theinguinal region as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 9, theprosthesis 1 automatically deploys under the effect of the frame 3coming back to its initial shape. The textile 2 and therefore theprosthesis 1 are perfectly deployed and spread out. The prosthesis 1 isthen ready to be positioned opposite a hernia defect to be treated,without any risk of folds forming in the textile 2. The risks ofadherence or insertion of surrounding organs in such folds are thus verymuch limited.

The surgeon fits the prosthesis 1 in place facing the surroundingbiological tissues, by positioning the cranial part 2 c of the textile 2facing the anterior muscle wall, the orifice of the inguinal canal, theupper part of the os pubis 17 and Cooper's ligament 21, and the caudalpart 2 d of the textile facing the iliac and spermatic vessels 11 andpart of the psoas muscle, if appropriate with the aid of the caudalsegment 3 d, for example by placing the latter at the intersection ofthe parietal and vascular planes. As explained above, the surgeonfinalizes the correct spreading-out and positioning of the prosthesis byfeeling the frame with his fingers and optionnally with the help of thedeploying element and caudal extension when present.

When the prosthesis 1 is implanted as shown on FIG. 9, the cranial part2 c rests on the anterior muscle wall (especially the rectus abdominismuscle 16 and transverse muscle 18), the upper end of the os pubis andpart of Cooper's ligament 21. The caudal part 2 d conforms almostcompletely, without leaving any appreciable spaces, to the iliac andspermatic vessels 11 and the psoas muscle 12, and the caudal segment 3 dis placed at the intersection of the parietal and vascular planes. Theductus deferens 20 is also covered and therefore protected.

The prosthesis 1 according to the invention remains in place by itself,particularly on account of its three-dimensional shape, since the caudalsegment 3 d takes up a position at the intersection of the parietal andvascular planes. This allows the prosthesis 1 to follow the changes inthe relative position of the various anatomical elements of the inguinalregion, which changes result from the normal movement of the abdominalmuscles of the subject, but without its moving away from theimplantation region.

The prosthesis according to the invention can thus be easily introducedinto a small incision, for example an incision of 3 or 4 cm long,without requiring the help of an additional tool. By virtue of itsnature and its structure, the frame of the prosthesis according to theinvention acts as a reinforcing element for the textile and stiffens theprosthesis, as an element for guiding and transporting the prosthesisinto an incision of particularly small diameter, and also as a tool forassisting in the automatic and perfect spreading-out of the prosthesisat the moment when the prosthese reaches the implantation site.

1-14. (canceled)
 15. A prosthesis for the repair of an inguinal hernia, of generally elongate shape defining a longitudinal axis aligned on a medial-lateral axis and a transversal axis aligned on a cranial-caudal axis comprising: at least one flexible biocompatible textile of elongate shape comprising a medial end, a lateral end, a cranial part and a caudal part, the textile being delimited by a peripheral outer edge formed of a convex medial edge, a convex cranial edge, a convex lateral edge and a caudal edge, and, at least one reinforcing element for the textile, the reinforcing element being in the form of a resilient frame connected to the textile and set back from the peripheral convex outer edge, wherein the frame comprises a convex cranial segment extending from the medial end of the textile to the lateral end of the textile along the convex cranial edge, a caudal segment substantially extending from the medial end of the textile to the lateral end of the textile and caudally spaced with respect to the convex cranial segment, a lateral corner segment joining together the convex cranial segment and the caudal segment in the region of the lateral end of the textile, and a folding segment configured for joining a medial end of the convex cranial segment to a point located on the caudal segment while leaving the region of the medial end of the textile free of any frame, the frame being able to adopt an unstressed configuration, in which the textile is deployed, and a stressed configuration, in which the frame is subjected to a transversal force directed towards the longitudinal axis and the convex cranial segment, the caudal segment and the folding segment are substantially collected together and aligned on one folding direction, the textile forming thereby at least one fold along the folding direction.
 16. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the caudal segment is concave.
 17. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the folding segment joins the medial end of the convex cranial segment to a medial end of the caudal segment.
 18. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the folding segment has a U shape extending towards a center of the textile.
 19. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the resilient frame is continuous.
 20. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein at least a part of the caudal segment has substantially the structure of a flat band forming undulations substantially in a plane of the textile.
 21. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the frame further comprises a caudal extension located on the caudal segment and extending in the caudal direction toward the caudal edge of the textile.
 22. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the reinforcing element is molded over the textile.
 23. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the reinforcing element is made of bioresorbable material.
 24. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the textile is a mesh.
 25. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the lateral corner segment is linked to the convex cranial segment and to the caudal segment via two respective hinge points allowing a lateral region of the textile to be folded onto the remaining part of the textile.
 26. The prosthesis according to claim 15, further comprising a deploying element located in a region of the medial end of the textile, for drawing away the convex cranial segment from the caudal segment when the transversal force is released and the textile is being deployed.
 27. The prosthesis according to claim 15, further comprising a grasping element capable of cooperating with a part of a grasping tool so as to temporarily couple the prosthesis to the tool.
 28. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the textile is bioresorbable.
 29. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the cranial part and the caudal part are asymmetrical.
 30. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the caudal edge is convex 